Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure. It is commonly referred to as the “silent thief of sight” because vision loss occurs gradually and without early symptoms.

There are several types of glaucoma, with primary open-angle glaucoma being the most common. Risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, and prolonged steroid use. Symptoms may include peripheral vision loss, eye pain, halos around lights, and headaches in advanced cases.

Early detection through regular eye examinations is essential, as vision loss from glaucoma is irreversible. Treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure using eye drops, laser therapy, or surgical procedures. New minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have expanded treatment options and improved patient safety.

Research in glaucoma continues to explore neuroprotection, advanced imaging techniques, and personalized treatment strategies. Public awareness and early screening remain key to preventing permanent vision damage.

Keywords: glaucoma treatment, optic nerve damage, eye pressure, vision loss